Biomass pyrolysis modelling and process optimization have become central to the development of renewable carbon value chains, offering routes to bio-oils, syngas and biochar with minimal environmental ...

Pyrolysis involves thermally decomposing organic feedstocks in an oxygen-limited environment to yield solid char, liquid bio-oil and gaseous products. Process parameters such as temperature, heating ...

A waste-to-energy system designed for palm oil mills could turn agricultural waste into electricity, industrial fuels and ...