Inactivated vaccines use a pathogen that has been modified so that it cannot replicate to stimulate our immune system. They are safe because they cannot cause disease. However, booster doses may be ...

Live attenuated vaccines mimic natural infections, providing strong immunity but require refrigeration and caution for immunocompromised individuals. Subunit vaccines offer targeted immunity without ...

Managing ulcerative colitis often involves medications that affect your immune system. Learn which vaccines are recommended and how biologics impact your vaccination plan.

I n December 2020, mRNA vaccines leapt into the limelight as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic. To date, millions of people ...

Mask wearing, social distancing and other public-health measures put in place to thwart COVID-19 also kept other respiratory infections at bay. But by late 2022, most countries had dropped these ...