The Center on Replacement and Complementary Methods to Animal Testing at the University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover organizes on the 19th and 20th March 2012 the 2nd Symposium on the Replacement, ...
Those, like me, who never read the original The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique by Russell and Burch (Methuen, London, 1959) will find this abridged version thought-provoking. Like many ...
The principles of Refinement, Replacement and Reduction (3R’s) should be taken into account when animals must be used for scientific purpose. Here, a Reduction / Refinement approach was applied to the ...
The IACUC endorses the application of the 3 Rs ( Reduction, Replacement and Refinement) concept to the minimization of pain and distress in animals. Three Rs Presentation Multiple survival surgeries ...
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