This study presents an innovative adaptive non-linear fractional-order PID (FOPID) tuning methodology for a flow meter controller in a desalination plant, integrating a hybrid Particle Swarm ...
Accurate temperature regulation in continuous stirred-tank heater (CSTH) systems is vital in chemical and thermal process industries, where deviations can cause energy inefficiencies, product quality ...
PID loops are a central component of modulating boiler control systems with applications ranging from basic steam header pressure control to cascading 3-element drum level control. A modern ...