Abstract: Modular inversion, the multiplicative inverse of an integer in the ring of integers modulo a prime number, is widely used in public-key cryptography. However, it is one of the most ...

The repository contains the implementation of a groth16 SNARK verifier that is executable via the optimistic BitVM paradigm on Bitcoin without any soft forks. It is designed to be modular, allowing ...

A few weeks back, I kicked off a public build challenge: constructing a blockchain from absolute zero, in Go, one layer at a time. We started at the very bottom, with finite fields. It's the ...

Quantum computers can solve numerous problems faster, based on quantum properties such as superposition and entanglement, than classical computers. For example, Shor’s algorithm 1, proposed by Peter ...

Abstract: The digital signature algorithm employs inverse operations in both the signing and verification processes, where the time complexity of modular inverse operations is ten times that of ...

A basic feature of number theory, prime numbers are also a fundamental building block of computer science, from hashtables to cryptography. Everyone knows that a prime number is one that cannot be ...

RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman) is an asymmetric encryption algorithm which was first described in 1977 by Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir, and Leonard Adleman, hence the name. RSA uses a pair of keys (a public ...

Background: Quantum image processing is rapidly developing in the field of quantum computing, and it can be successfully implemented on the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) device. Quantum ...

As one of the standard electrophysiological signals in the human body, the photoplethysmography contains detailed information about the blood microcirculation and has been commonly used in various ...

The Shor's algorithm can find solutions to the discrete logarithm problem on binary elliptic curves in polynomial time. A major challenge in implementing Shor's algorithm is the overhead of ...